在上周日法國巴黎召開的第73屆國際宇航大會上，中國首次火星探測天問一號任務(wù)團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得國際宇航聯(lián)合會2022年度世界航天獎。國際宇航聯(lián)合會表示，天問一號研制團(tuán)隊(duì)提供了成功探測火星的創(chuàng)新路徑，為推進(jìn)人類火星探索事業(yè)和深空探測技術(shù)的發(fā)展作出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。但這并非是中國航天團(tuán)隊(duì)第一次獲得該獎項(xiàng)，第一次獲得該獎項(xiàng)的是–嫦娥四號登陸月球背面任務(wù)，這是人類的探測器首次登陸月球背面。國外媒體Space也是第一時(shí)間進(jìn)行了報(bào)道，其原文內(nèi)容如下：

文章標(biāo)題

The team behind China’s Tianwen 1 Mars spacecraft received the world’s highest aerospace award in Paris on Sunday.

上周日，中國“天問一號”火星探測器團(tuán)隊(duì)在巴黎獲得了世界最高航天獎。

The International Astronautical Federation (IAF) said the Tianwen 1 mission, which landed on the red planet last year, “offered an innovative option for successful Mars exploration and contributed to the advancement of deep space exploration technology”.

國際宇航聯(lián)合會(IAF)表示，去年登陸火星的“天問一號”任務(wù)“為火星探測的成功提供了一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的選擇，并為深空探測技術(shù)的進(jìn)步做出了貢獻(xiàn)”。

“Tianwen 1 achieved orbiting, landing, and roving on Mars in one mission for the first time in history. The scientific data acquired during the mission made an essential contribution to a deeper understanding of Mars and the solar system,” the federation said.

“‘天問一號’在歷史上首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了一次繞火星運(yùn)行、著陸和漫游任務(wù)。這次任務(wù)中獲得的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)對更深入地了解火星和太陽系做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。”

Sun Zezhou, chief designer of the Tianwen 1 system, accepted the World Space Award on behalf of the team from IAF president Pascale Ehrenfreund at the International Astronautical Congress.

在國際宇航大會上，“天問一號”系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)總設(shè)計(jì)師孫澤洲在國際宇航大會上代表團(tuán)隊(duì)接受了來自IAF總裁帕斯卡爾·埃倫弗洛因德的世界空間獎。

It is the second time a Chinese team has been given the award. Two years ago, scientists from the Chang’e 4 mission were recognised for leading the world’s first robotic spacecraft landing on the far side of the moon. Sun was also the chief designer of that probe.

這是中國航天團(tuán)隊(duì)第二次獲得該獎項(xiàng)。兩年前，嫦娥四號任務(wù)的科學(xué)家們因領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了世界上第一個(gè)在月球背面著陸的機(jī)器人航天器而獲得認(rèn)可。孫也是該探測器的總設(shè)計(jì)師。

By Thursday, the Tianwen 1 orbiter had been operating for more than 780 days, the mission’s Zhurong rover had travelled nearly 2km (1.2 miles) across the Martian surface and the mission had fully completed its exploration goals, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said on Sunday.

中國國家航天局(CNSA)周日表示，截至周四，“天問一號”軌道器已經(jīng)運(yùn)行了780多天，“朱榮”漫游者在火星表面行駛了近2公里(1.2英里)，任務(wù)已經(jīng)完全完成了其探索目標(biāo)。

Among the first research results published so far, scientists said data and images of an area near the landing site pointed to major water activities about 1 billion years ago, which is much more recent than previously thought.

在迄今發(fā)表的首批研究成果中，科學(xué)家們說，著陸點(diǎn)附近一個(gè)地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)和圖像表明，大約10億年前有過重大的水活動，這比之前認(rèn)為的要晚得多。

The results of their search for water-bearing minerals on Utopia Planitia in the northern lowlands of Mars were reported in Science Advances in May.

他們在火星北部低地的烏托邦平原上尋找含水礦物的結(jié)果發(fā)表在5月份的《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上。

Landing a spacecraft on the surface of Mars is one of the hardest things to do in planetary exploration. Due to the red planet’s low atmospheric pressure, the spacecraft needs to be slowed down around 7 minutes before touching the ground – and do so on its own because it is too far away to receive instructions from the Earth in time.

在火星表面著陸宇宙飛船是行星探測中最困難的事情之一。由于這顆紅色星球的低氣壓，航天器需要在觸地前減速約7分鐘，而且要自己減速，因?yàn)樗嚯x地球太遠(yuǎn)，無法及時(shí)收到來自地球的指令。

China and the United States are the only countries to have landed a spacecraft on Mars, and Tianwen 1’s touchdown prompted calls for collaboration between the space nations.

中國和美國是世界上僅有的兩個(gè)在火星上著陸過航天器的國家，“天問一號”的著陸激起了這兩個(gè)太空國家之間合作的呼聲。

Asked in Paris about cooperation with China, Nasa administrator Bill Nelson reportedly said it was “up to China” and there needed to be openness and transparency from the Chinese side.

據(jù)報(bào)道，美國宇航局局長比爾·納爾遜在巴黎被問及與中國的合作時(shí)表示，這“取決于中國”，中國方面需要公開和透明。

However, Nasa is not allowed to cooperate with China because of the Wolf Amendment, a US law that has been in place since 2011 to prevent the agency from working with Chinese commercial or government space agencies on a bilateral basis.

然而，由于《沃爾夫修正案》(Wolf Amendment)，美國宇航局不被允許與中國合作?！段譅柗蛐拚浮肥敲绹?011年開始實(shí)施的一項(xiàng)法律，旨在阻止Nasa與中國商業(yè)或政府太空機(jī)構(gòu)在雙邊基礎(chǔ)上合作。

China does not have any law prohibiting cooperation with other spacefaring nations. Three European instruments went up on the Chang’e 4 mission and last week, the CNSA reached an agreement with the United Arab Emirates to help release their Rashid II rover during the Chang’e 7 mission to the moon’s southern polar region around 2026.

中國沒有任何禁止與其他航天國家合作的法律。三個(gè)歐洲儀器在嫦娥四號任務(wù)中升空，上周，中國國家航天局與阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國達(dá)成協(xié)議，在2026年左右嫦娥7號前往月球南極地區(qū)的任務(wù)期間，幫助釋放他們的拉希德2號月球車。

China and the US are pushing ahead with their own missions to bring back rocks from Mars, possibly as early as 2031.

中國和美國正在推進(jìn)各自從火星帶回巖石的任務(wù)，最早可能在2031年。

中國和美國誰會最早將火星巖石樣板帶回地球？

The IAF is a non-governmental organisation established in 1951 to promote and coordinate global space activities, with members from major space agencies, companies, and research institutions worldwide.

國際宇航聯(lián)合會是一個(gè)非政府組織，成立于1951年，旨在促進(jìn)和協(xié)調(diào)全球空間活動，成員來自世界各地的主要航天機(jī)構(gòu)、公司和研究機(jī)構(gòu)。

The federation launched the World Space Award in 2013 to recognise a “most eminent person or team” who has made “an exceptional impact” to the progress of the world space activities.

聯(lián)合會于2013年設(shè)立了世界空間獎，以表彰對世界空間活動的進(jìn)展做出“杰出影響”的“最杰出的個(gè)人或團(tuán)隊(duì)”。

Previous recipients include Japan’s Hayabusa 2 asteroid sample return mission team and the Apollo 11 crew.

之前的獲獎?wù)甙ㄈ毡决励B2號小行星樣本返回任務(wù)團(tuán)隊(duì)和阿波羅11號機(jī)組人員。